The Integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in the Tertiary Level Curriculum of Benguet State University La Trinidad Campus
Article Sidebar
Published
Jun 28, 2021
Main Article Content
Abstract
The marginalization of indigenous cultures by western-based educational systems bawls the urgency to revitalize the Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) of the Indigenous Peoples to be at par with the era of globalization. The study aimed to establish baseline data on the experiences of the faculty members of Benguet State University in the integration of IKS in the curriculum. Key Informant Interviews (KII) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were used to surface information from 33 key informants from the seven colleges and two institutes of Benguet State University-La Trinidad Campus. Findings show that some faculty members employed various initiatives in integrating IKS in their teaching methodologies even prior to the issuance of CHED Memorandum No. 2, s. 2019. Specifically, the IKS integration is evident mostly in the social sciences, and community development subjects. However, various challenges encountered by the educators affect the in-depth integration of IKS in the tertiary level curriculum. The absence of explicit university policy/memorandum and monitoring scheme on the IKS integration in the curriculum, teaching methodologies, and pedagogies impede the sustainable integration of IKS in the different subjects. Coupled with other factors like limited reference materials/resources on IKS, limited knowledge, exposure, and appreciation of IKS further weaken the hope for the faculty to integrate IKS in teaching. Despite these challenges, some faculty members do in-depth integration of IKS in the subjects they are handling, as reflected in their teaching pedagogies over the years. This finding implies that in-depth IKSP integration in the curriculum is a teacher’s initiative and cultural advocacy.
Article Details
Section
Articles
References
Abadiano, B.D. (2019). Panel 1: What is Indigenous Education? Pathways on Indigenous Education. Indigenous Peoples Conference Proceedings. Edited by Jimmy B. Fong. Baguio City: University of the Philippines Baguio.
Abejuela III, R.B. (2005). Indigenous Education in The Philippines: A Case Study of the Sagu-Ilaw School of Indigenous Knowledge and Traditions. http://www.unescobkk.org/fileadmin/user_ upload/apeid/Conference/papers/ABEJUELA_7d
Agbas, M.G.Z. (2019). Good Practices in IP Education in HEIs: Curriculum and Instruction. Indigenous Peoples Conference Proceedings. Edited by Jimmy B. Fong. Baguio City: University of the Philippines Baguio.
Alafag, J., Balangen, J., Dom-ogen, E., Domondon, D., Gomez, R., Guron, M., Duque-Lacanlale, V., Leung, J.M., Napaldet, J.T., Paltiyan, J.C., Sandoval, A.M., Tabon, M., Tipayno, S.C. (2019). Introduction to Environmental Science. (Unpublished Course Manual). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines
Alejandre, L.S. (2011). Ethnic Identity and Acculturation of Tinguian High School Student in Bangued, Abra. (Unpublished Masters’ Thesis). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Astete, L.H. (2019). Advancing Indigenous Education: The LPU Experience. Indigenous Peoples Conference Proceedings. Edited by Jimmy B. Fong. Baguio City: University of the Philippines Baguio.
Awas, F.Y. (2011). Secularization of the Sacred: Bendian Through the Passage of Time. Benguet State University Research Journal, 66: 43-74.
Banes, G.G. (2014). The Best Practices of the Higher Education Institutions in the Cordillera on Indigenous Knowledge Transmission. (Unpublished Dissertation). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Baniqued, K.T. (2010). The Influence of Saint Louis School Center High School Department Curriculum on the Ethnic Identity Development of Fourth Year Students School Year 2009-2010. (Unpublished Masters’ Thesis). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Barnhardt, R. (2007). Creating a Place for Indigenous Knowledge in Education: The Alaska Native Knowledge Network. http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/ curriculum/Articles/RayBarnhardt/PBE_ANKN_ Chapter.html
Bawang, A. (2015). Cordillera Indigenous Cuisine. (Unpublished Course Manual). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Bustos, A. (1996). Psychological, Anthropological, and Sociological Foundation of Education. Katha Publishing Co., Inc.
Catbagan-Aplaten, M.A.C. (2016). Indigenous Peoples Education (IPEd) Learning Materials (LM) on Cordillera Studies (CS): Its Acceptability, Effectiveness and Impact by Teachers and Varied Learners. (Unpublished Dissertation). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Codamon-Dugyon, E.M. (2019). Community Extension/Public Service, Production and Technology. Proceedings of the Indigenous Peoples Education Conference. Edited by Jimmy Fong. Baguio City: University of the Philippines Baguio.
Commission on Higher Education. (2013). CHED Memorandum Order No. 20, s.2013: General Education Curriculum: Holistic Understandings, Intellectual and Civic Competencies. https://ched. gov.ph/cmo-20-s-2013/
Commission on Higher Education. (2017). CHED Memorandum Order No. 63, s.2017: Policies and Guidelines on Local Off-Campus Activities Category/ies. https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/ uploads/2017/10/CMO-63-s-2017.pdf
Commission on Higher Education. (2019). CHED Memorandum Order No. 2, s. 2019: Integration of Indigenous Peoples’ (IP) Studies/Education into the Relevant Higher Education Curricula. https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/CMONo.-02-Integration-of-Indigenous-peoplesstudies-into-the-relevant-Higher-EducationCurricula.pdf
Congress of the Philippines. (1997). R.A. 8371: The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act. https://www. officialgazette.gov.ph/1997/10/29/republic-actno-8371/
35The Integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) ... G.G. Banes and K.B. Dela Cruz
Degawan, M. (2019). Indigenous languages: Knowledge and hope. The UNESCO Courier. https://en.unesco.org/courier/2019-1/ indigenous-languages-knowledge-and-hope
Doronila, M.L.C. (1997). A Research and Development Approach to the Delivery of Comprehensive Functional Education and Literacy in the Philippines. Asia Literacy Regional Forum. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED41 8217.pdf
Efraim, B. (2012). Cultural Inheritance, Cultural Revitalization, Empowerment and Advocacy. In Wahono, F.X. et al. Pacur Kasih Empowerment Movement. Baguio City: Tebtebba Foundation. https://www.tebtebba.org/index.php/resourcesmenu/publications-menu/books/86-pancurkasih-empowerment-movement-volume-1/file
Enkiwe-Abayao, L. (2002). Indigenous People’s Learning Systems: A Discourse on Indigenous Emancipatory Pedagogy. Indigenous Perspectives, 5(2): 55-62. Baguio City, Philippines: Tebtebba Foundation. https://www.tebtebba.org/index. php/resources-menu/publications-menu/ journals/110-indigenous-perspectives-vol-5-no2-2002-bequeathing-indigenous-knowledge/file
Episcopal Commission in Indigenous Peoples. (2008). Indigenous Peoples Education: “From Alienation to Rootedness”. http://www.hurights. or.jp/education/2008/indigenous-peopleseducation-from-alienation-to-rootedness.html
Fang-asan, M.L.D. (2019). Cutting Across Instruction, Research Extension, and Production: Lesson from “Stories of Alapu”. Proceedings of the Indigenous Peoples Education Conference. Edited by Jimmy Fong. Baguio City: University of the Philippines Baguio.
Fong, J. (2019). Philippine Indigenous Languages in Higher Education. Indigenous Peoples Conference Proceedings. Edited by Jimmy B. Fong. Baguio City: University of the Philippines Baguio.
Gonzales, M.G. (2020). Webinar on Roundtable Discussion on Integration of IP Education in Higher Education Institutions [PowerpPoint]. https://www.facebook.com/SDRCDLSU/videos/ 1825683260943162/
Kaya, H.O., & Seleti, Y.O. (2013). African Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Relevance of Higher Education in South Africa. The International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives, 12(1): 30-44. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ EJ1017665.pdf
Keane, M. (2015). Why indigenous knowledge has a place in the school science curriculum.The Conversation. https://rb.gy/rxchxx
King, L., & Schielmann, S. (2004). The Challenge of Indigenous Education: Practice and Perspectives. Paris United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. UNESCO Organization. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images /0013/001347/134773e.pdf
Maguen, R.K. (2005). Integration of the Indigenous Knowledge and Practices in the Curricular Courses of Mountain Province State Polytechnic College. (Unpublished Dissertation). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Mmola, S. (2010). A survey of perceptions of IKS students and IKS lecturers on IKS programme at North-West University (Mafikeng Campus). (Unpublished manuscript), IKS Programme: North-West University.
Nakata, M. (2002). Indigenous Knowledge and the Cultural Interface: Underlying Issues at the Intersection of Knowledge and Information Systems. IFLA Journal, 28(5/6): 282-290. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177 /034003520202800513
Ngohayon, S.L., & Gonzales, N.A.P. (2011). Ifugao Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Workbook. Lamut Ifugao: Ifugao State University, Banaue, Ifugao, Philippines.
Ocampo-Tan, M.C., & Roberto, F.C. (2019). IP inclusion in nationalized spaces of learning. The Guidon. https://theguidon.com/1112/main /2019/12/ip-inclusion-in-nationalized-spacesfor-learning
Paris, N.E. (2016). Appreciation of Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices (IKSPS): Bases for Enrichment of the Secondary School Curriculum. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Raymond, A. (2011). IKS programme and multi- media technology at University of North-West, Mafikeng Campus: Prospects and Challenges. (Unpublished Manuscript) University of North West: Faculty of Human and Social Sciences).
Seehawer, M. (2018). South African Science Teachers’ Strategies for Integrating Indigenous and Western Knowledges in Their Classes: Practical Lessons in Decolonisation. Educational Research for Social Change (ERSC), 7: 91‐110. http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/ersc/v7nspe/08. pdf
Senate of the Philippines. (2015). R.A. 10908: Integrated History Act of 2016. http://legacy. senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/ra%2010908.pdf
Smelser, N.J. (1981). Sociology. Brentice, New Jersey: Hall Englewood Cliffs.
Suazo, M., & Montenegro, G. (2018). Implementation of a Culture-Based Education. American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 18: 146-152. http://iasir.net/AIJRHASSpapers/AIJRHASS 18-231.pdf
Tacloy, J. (2000). Indigenous Forest Conservation Systems in the Cordillera Region. (Unpublished dissertation). Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet, Philippines
Tharakan, J. (2015). Integrating indigenous knowledge into appropriate technology development and implementation. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 7(5): 364-370. https://doi.org/10.1 080/20421338.2015.1085176
United Nations. (2007). United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. https:// www.un.org/development/desa/indigenous peoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/ UNDRIP_E_web.pdf
Victor, M.L., & Yano, B. (2015). Actualizing the Inclusion of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Education: A Policy Initiative in the Philippines. Human Rights Education in Asia-Pacific. https:// www.hurights.or.jp/archives/asia-pacific/ section1/9%20Indigenous%20Peoples%E2%80% 99%20Rights%20in%20Education.pdf
Abejuela III, R.B. (2005). Indigenous Education in The Philippines: A Case Study of the Sagu-Ilaw School of Indigenous Knowledge and Traditions. http://www.unescobkk.org/fileadmin/user_ upload/apeid/Conference/papers/ABEJUELA_7d
Agbas, M.G.Z. (2019). Good Practices in IP Education in HEIs: Curriculum and Instruction. Indigenous Peoples Conference Proceedings. Edited by Jimmy B. Fong. Baguio City: University of the Philippines Baguio.
Alafag, J., Balangen, J., Dom-ogen, E., Domondon, D., Gomez, R., Guron, M., Duque-Lacanlale, V., Leung, J.M., Napaldet, J.T., Paltiyan, J.C., Sandoval, A.M., Tabon, M., Tipayno, S.C. (2019). Introduction to Environmental Science. (Unpublished Course Manual). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines
Alejandre, L.S. (2011). Ethnic Identity and Acculturation of Tinguian High School Student in Bangued, Abra. (Unpublished Masters’ Thesis). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Astete, L.H. (2019). Advancing Indigenous Education: The LPU Experience. Indigenous Peoples Conference Proceedings. Edited by Jimmy B. Fong. Baguio City: University of the Philippines Baguio.
Awas, F.Y. (2011). Secularization of the Sacred: Bendian Through the Passage of Time. Benguet State University Research Journal, 66: 43-74.
Banes, G.G. (2014). The Best Practices of the Higher Education Institutions in the Cordillera on Indigenous Knowledge Transmission. (Unpublished Dissertation). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Baniqued, K.T. (2010). The Influence of Saint Louis School Center High School Department Curriculum on the Ethnic Identity Development of Fourth Year Students School Year 2009-2010. (Unpublished Masters’ Thesis). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Barnhardt, R. (2007). Creating a Place for Indigenous Knowledge in Education: The Alaska Native Knowledge Network. http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/ curriculum/Articles/RayBarnhardt/PBE_ANKN_ Chapter.html
Bawang, A. (2015). Cordillera Indigenous Cuisine. (Unpublished Course Manual). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Bustos, A. (1996). Psychological, Anthropological, and Sociological Foundation of Education. Katha Publishing Co., Inc.
Catbagan-Aplaten, M.A.C. (2016). Indigenous Peoples Education (IPEd) Learning Materials (LM) on Cordillera Studies (CS): Its Acceptability, Effectiveness and Impact by Teachers and Varied Learners. (Unpublished Dissertation). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Codamon-Dugyon, E.M. (2019). Community Extension/Public Service, Production and Technology. Proceedings of the Indigenous Peoples Education Conference. Edited by Jimmy Fong. Baguio City: University of the Philippines Baguio.
Commission on Higher Education. (2013). CHED Memorandum Order No. 20, s.2013: General Education Curriculum: Holistic Understandings, Intellectual and Civic Competencies. https://ched. gov.ph/cmo-20-s-2013/
Commission on Higher Education. (2017). CHED Memorandum Order No. 63, s.2017: Policies and Guidelines on Local Off-Campus Activities Category/ies. https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/ uploads/2017/10/CMO-63-s-2017.pdf
Commission on Higher Education. (2019). CHED Memorandum Order No. 2, s. 2019: Integration of Indigenous Peoples’ (IP) Studies/Education into the Relevant Higher Education Curricula. https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/CMONo.-02-Integration-of-Indigenous-peoplesstudies-into-the-relevant-Higher-EducationCurricula.pdf
Congress of the Philippines. (1997). R.A. 8371: The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act. https://www. officialgazette.gov.ph/1997/10/29/republic-actno-8371/
35The Integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) ... G.G. Banes and K.B. Dela Cruz
Degawan, M. (2019). Indigenous languages: Knowledge and hope. The UNESCO Courier. https://en.unesco.org/courier/2019-1/ indigenous-languages-knowledge-and-hope
Doronila, M.L.C. (1997). A Research and Development Approach to the Delivery of Comprehensive Functional Education and Literacy in the Philippines. Asia Literacy Regional Forum. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED41 8217.pdf
Efraim, B. (2012). Cultural Inheritance, Cultural Revitalization, Empowerment and Advocacy. In Wahono, F.X. et al. Pacur Kasih Empowerment Movement. Baguio City: Tebtebba Foundation. https://www.tebtebba.org/index.php/resourcesmenu/publications-menu/books/86-pancurkasih-empowerment-movement-volume-1/file
Enkiwe-Abayao, L. (2002). Indigenous People’s Learning Systems: A Discourse on Indigenous Emancipatory Pedagogy. Indigenous Perspectives, 5(2): 55-62. Baguio City, Philippines: Tebtebba Foundation. https://www.tebtebba.org/index. php/resources-menu/publications-menu/ journals/110-indigenous-perspectives-vol-5-no2-2002-bequeathing-indigenous-knowledge/file
Episcopal Commission in Indigenous Peoples. (2008). Indigenous Peoples Education: “From Alienation to Rootedness”. http://www.hurights. or.jp/education/2008/indigenous-peopleseducation-from-alienation-to-rootedness.html
Fang-asan, M.L.D. (2019). Cutting Across Instruction, Research Extension, and Production: Lesson from “Stories of Alapu”. Proceedings of the Indigenous Peoples Education Conference. Edited by Jimmy Fong. Baguio City: University of the Philippines Baguio.
Fong, J. (2019). Philippine Indigenous Languages in Higher Education. Indigenous Peoples Conference Proceedings. Edited by Jimmy B. Fong. Baguio City: University of the Philippines Baguio.
Gonzales, M.G. (2020). Webinar on Roundtable Discussion on Integration of IP Education in Higher Education Institutions [PowerpPoint]. https://www.facebook.com/SDRCDLSU/videos/ 1825683260943162/
Kaya, H.O., & Seleti, Y.O. (2013). African Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Relevance of Higher Education in South Africa. The International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives, 12(1): 30-44. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ EJ1017665.pdf
Keane, M. (2015). Why indigenous knowledge has a place in the school science curriculum.The Conversation. https://rb.gy/rxchxx
King, L., & Schielmann, S. (2004). The Challenge of Indigenous Education: Practice and Perspectives. Paris United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. UNESCO Organization. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images /0013/001347/134773e.pdf
Maguen, R.K. (2005). Integration of the Indigenous Knowledge and Practices in the Curricular Courses of Mountain Province State Polytechnic College. (Unpublished Dissertation). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Mmola, S. (2010). A survey of perceptions of IKS students and IKS lecturers on IKS programme at North-West University (Mafikeng Campus). (Unpublished manuscript), IKS Programme: North-West University.
Nakata, M. (2002). Indigenous Knowledge and the Cultural Interface: Underlying Issues at the Intersection of Knowledge and Information Systems. IFLA Journal, 28(5/6): 282-290. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177 /034003520202800513
Ngohayon, S.L., & Gonzales, N.A.P. (2011). Ifugao Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Workbook. Lamut Ifugao: Ifugao State University, Banaue, Ifugao, Philippines.
Ocampo-Tan, M.C., & Roberto, F.C. (2019). IP inclusion in nationalized spaces of learning. The Guidon. https://theguidon.com/1112/main /2019/12/ip-inclusion-in-nationalized-spacesfor-learning
Paris, N.E. (2016). Appreciation of Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices (IKSPS): Bases for Enrichment of the Secondary School Curriculum. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines.
Raymond, A. (2011). IKS programme and multi- media technology at University of North-West, Mafikeng Campus: Prospects and Challenges. (Unpublished Manuscript) University of North West: Faculty of Human and Social Sciences).
Seehawer, M. (2018). South African Science Teachers’ Strategies for Integrating Indigenous and Western Knowledges in Their Classes: Practical Lessons in Decolonisation. Educational Research for Social Change (ERSC), 7: 91‐110. http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/ersc/v7nspe/08. pdf
Senate of the Philippines. (2015). R.A. 10908: Integrated History Act of 2016. http://legacy. senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/ra%2010908.pdf
Smelser, N.J. (1981). Sociology. Brentice, New Jersey: Hall Englewood Cliffs.
Suazo, M., & Montenegro, G. (2018). Implementation of a Culture-Based Education. American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 18: 146-152. http://iasir.net/AIJRHASSpapers/AIJRHASS 18-231.pdf
Tacloy, J. (2000). Indigenous Forest Conservation Systems in the Cordillera Region. (Unpublished dissertation). Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet, Philippines
Tharakan, J. (2015). Integrating indigenous knowledge into appropriate technology development and implementation. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 7(5): 364-370. https://doi.org/10.1 080/20421338.2015.1085176
United Nations. (2007). United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. https:// www.un.org/development/desa/indigenous peoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/ UNDRIP_E_web.pdf
Victor, M.L., & Yano, B. (2015). Actualizing the Inclusion of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Education: A Policy Initiative in the Philippines. Human Rights Education in Asia-Pacific. https:// www.hurights.or.jp/archives/asia-pacific/ section1/9%20Indigenous%20Peoples%E2%80% 99%20Rights%20in%20Education.pdf